The burrower bug scaptocoris castanea perty, 1830 hemiptera. Salivary gland, any of the organs that secrete saliva, a substance that moistens and softens food, into the oral cavity of vertebrates. The abundant serous exocrine cells make up the bulk of the gland. Besides the hundreds of minor salivary glands located throughout the palate, nasal, laryngeal and the oral cavity, there are three pairs of major salivary glands. Treuting, in comparative anatomy and histology second edition, 2018. The acini can either be serous, mucous, or a mixture of serous and mucous a serous acinus secretes proteins in an isotonic watery fluid. The first thing you have to know about the salivary glands is the difference between serous cells and mucous cells. Several epithelial types are found in the duct system of the parotid.
Depending on the particular salivary gland, these acini are lined by variable combinations of mucous and serous epithelial cells surrounded by myoepithelial cells, located between the basal plasma membrane and the acinar basement membrane. Individual secretory acini are drained by intercalated ducts and join striated ducts. Medical school histology basics liver, gallbladder. This could be particularly important for aggressive salivary gland tumors, such as salivary duct carcinoma sdc. Major salivary glands are characterized by the presence of numerous excretory units that consist of acini and a peculiar duct system. Saliva is a fluid secreted by the salivary glands that keeps the oral cavity moist and also coats the teeth along with mucosa. Malignant salivary gland tumours represent about 5% of all head and neck cancers, with a slight predominance in men 54,55. Standardisation of labial salivary gland histopathology in. Pa is one histology of many for sgts histologic classification for salivary gland tumors in the who 4th edition has 22 carcinomas, 11 benign tumors, 4 nonneoplastic epithelial lesions, 3 benign softtissue entities, and malt lymphoma, making it one of the most extensive classifications for tumors7.
These are largest of the salivary glands, secreting saliva to facilitate mastication and swallowing, and amylase to begin the digestion of starches. Heterotopic salivary tissue is found in many locations throughout the head and neck. Cydnidae is an agricultural pest feeding on roots of several crops. Pdf anatomy, histology, and ultrastructure of salivary. The salivary glands are exocrine glands that produce saliva. The surface is kept moist with mucus produced by the major and numerous minor salivary glands. The histology and ultrastructure of the salivary glands of s. The oral cavity is lined by a mucous membrane the oral mucosa consisting of a stratified squamous epithelium, which may or may not be keratinized, and an underlying connective tissue layer, the lamina propria. Histopathology of the salivary glands springerlink. Learn salivary gland histology with free interactive flashcards. This article will focus on some of the new advances in salivary gland tumor pathology that have a potential for clinical impact.
Newly described salivary gland tumors modern pathology. Histological evaluation of the salivary gland biopsy the importance given to the histological examination of the salivary gland biopsy in both diagnostic criteria sets has prompted the pharmaceutical industry to use salivary gland histology as outcome measure in clinical trials. This book is a comprehensive guide to salivary gland pathology that illustrates almost every type of salivary gland tumor and will assist greatly in routine diagnostic work. The cystic lesion has a mildly fibrotic appearing wall, is lined by histiocytes intermixed with rare lymphocytes, and contains mucous and macrophages. The principal salivary gland is bilobed with anterior and posterior lobes joined by a. A serous acinus secretes proteins in an isotonic watery fluid. It also consists of branched ducts for the passage of the saliva. Parotid gland the parotid gland is composed mainly of serous cells and produces saliva that is watery and rich in enzymes amylase and lysozyme and antibodies. Choose from 500 different sets of salivary gland histology flashcards on quizlet. The acini can either be serous, mucous, or a mixture of serous and mucous. Salivary glands may be predominantly serous, mucous, or mixed in secretion. Salivary gland histology structure, secretory cells and ducts duration. The two parotid glands are major salivary glands wrapped around the mandibular ramus in humans. Invasive tumor, often aggressive, with glandular or ductal differentiation but no features characteristic of other specific types arch pathol lab med 2004.
A modified european league against rheumatism consensus guideline development. A simple gland has an unbranched duct or no duct at all. Endothelial cell regulation of salivary gland epithelial patterning. Compound glands are typically fairly bulky and contain very many individual secretory units acini or. Sialolithiasis of the minor salivary glands is relatively rare, and the peak incidence is later than that of the submandibular gland and is in the fifth to eighth decades. Be able to identify striated ducts of the salivary gland at the light and electron microscope level and correlate the structural features of the constituent cells to the. A mucous acinuss secretes secretes mucin lubricant. The sections show a stratified squamous epithelium with a thin layer of parakeratosis, minor salivary glands, and a wellcircumscribed cystic lesion. Mucus is a thick, clear, and somewhat slimy substance.
If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. Depending on the particular salivary gland, these acini are lined by variable combinations of mucous and serous epithelial cells. Much of the material in this chapter will be covered in more detail in later chapters. The parotid gland, a large salivary gland, is one of them. Numerous small glands situated in the mucous membrane lips. Interstitial lymphocytes give rise to the formation of lymph nodes in the parotid gland. The salivary glands are classified as major or minor. It is located below the external acoustic meatus between the ramus of the mandible and the ster. Sebaceous glands are attached to parotid and submandibular ducts and are considered part of normal holocrine differentiation holocrine secretions are produced within the cell, then are released into the lumen after rupture of the plasma membrane, based on the occurrence of salivary tumors with sebaceous differentiation. Anatomy and histology of rodent and human major salivary glands.
The largest of these three are the parotid glands, which are located in front and just beneath the ears. It is the serous type of gland which secretes alphaamylase also known as ptyalin. Salivary gland tumours or neoplasms are tumours that form in the tissues of salivary glands. Parotid glands submandibular glands sublingual glands 3. Ageinduced variations and reactive changes include oncocyte proliferation, fatty infiltration, squamous and. Mammary analog secretory carcinoma masc of salivary gland origin is a recently described tumor that harbors a characteristic balanced chromosomal translocation, 1, 5. Malignant sgts represent 6% of head and neck cancers and 0. Salivary gland tumors sgts are rare neoplasms accounting for 0. Anatomy, histology, and ultrastructure of salivary glands. General histology of salivary glands slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Basement membrane protein perlecan hspg2 heparan sulfate proteoglycan 2 triggers differentiation of salivary gland cells into self assembling acinilike structures that express essential biomarkers and secrete alpha amylase tissue eng part a 2009.
There are two types of secretions serous and mucous. Salivary gland infarction was found in two adult dogs. Salivary gland tumors an update american society for. Histology and pathology of sialolithiasis pocket dentistry. Parotid salivary gland, 40x there are nine images on this pagethree magnifications each of the three types of salivary glands parotid, submandibular, and sublingual. Robert lewis maynard, noel downes, in anatomy and histology of the laboratory rat in toxicology and biomedical research, 2019. Physiology, pathology and regeneration of salivary glands.
The acquisition of tissue and histological interpretation is variable and needs to be standardised for use in clinical trials. Examples include sweat glands, gastric glands, intestinal crypts, and uterine glands a compound gland has a branching duct. Be able to identify striated ducts of the salivary gland at the light and electron microscope level and correlate the structural features of the constituent cells to the functions of these ducts. The aetiology of the salivary gland tumour is mainly described by the multicellular theory, by which each cell type can give rise to a. The salivary gland possesses tubuloacinar units, and these are merocrine. The major salivary glands consist of the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands. The parotid gland is the largest of all the salivary glands and weighs about 1530 g. Salivary glands have a similar anatomic structure across species and type consisting of glandular acini also termed alveoli and ducts. Lane departments of pathology and veterinary surgery, university of bristol, bristol.
The smallest ducts, which are embedded in the secretory tissue intralobular ducts, are lined by cuboidal or columnar epithelia. Serous cells significantly outnumber the mucous cells pale staining. Salivary glands are made up of secretory acini acini means a rounded secretory unit and ducts. The functional unit of the salivary glands is the terminal secretory piece called acini with a roughly spherical or tubular shape. Salivary glands and pancreas are familiar examples. The value of histopathological examination of salivary. The parotid gland is a serous gland, pinkish in colour, divided into several lobes further subdivided into lobules, which can be seen as small discrete areas subdividing the surface of the gland. Nonneoplastic lesions, benign epithelial tumors, malignant epithelial tumors, and nonepithelial and secondary tumors are all covered in detail, and the who and tnm. Still in the us, carcinomas of the major salivary glands comprise 11% of oropharyngeal neoplasms. The salivary system has a pair of principal salivary glands and a pair of accessory salivary glands. Basic salivary gland pathology 1 basic salivary gland pathology jennifer l. The minor salivary glands consist of 800 small mucussecreting glands located throughout the lining of the oral cavity.
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